Promontory fort — coastal in Drumanagh

The neck of the headland c. 46 acres is defended by a straight series of earthworks (L. 350m) except where they curve inwards near the S cliff. The elevated, relatively flat promontory at Drumanagh is delimited on its landward (western) side by three closely-spaced earthen banks, each fronted by a ditch, with traces of a fourth, counterscarp, bank beyond the outer ditch. The inner bank is the best preserved rampart (Wth 30m; H 2m) The remaining banks have been greatly denuded (Wth 17m; H 0.5m). Fosses are silted up. (Wth 4-6m, D 0.1m). A small stream emanates from a pond outside the ramparts to flow along the inner ditch and over the cliff edge at the south-west corner of the promontory. A number of gaps occur along the length of the ramparts, one or more of which may represent an original entrance. There is a Martello tower (DU008-006003-) at the eastern end of the promontory, which was built c. 1804. The original approach to the tower survives as a sunken trackway extending from the south-east corner of the fort. A system of 18th/19th century relict field boundaries defined by low earthen banks and ditches, extend across the northern and southern sides of the promontory. The LIARI project has examined the available LiDar data in conjunction with previous geophysical survey, carried out on behalf of the NMI, and undertaken geophysical survey (Cahill-Wilson et al 2014). Within the promontory a D-shaped enclosure and several structures suggestive of buildings and/or small enclosures, the presence of burnt material and pits (Dowling 2014, 13). The results reflect ploughing on the fort in the 1970s that revealed hut sites suggesting extensive settlement. Gallo-Roman pottery, second century AD Roman coins, Romano-British fibulae (brooches), copper ingots and an iron horsebit have been found at the site. The most significant feature identified by geophysical survey was located south-west external to the ramparts. It is a large, roughly oval enclosure (c. 42m E-W x 30m N-S). Two well defined breaks, each measuring c. 5m in width, occur on the north-east and south-east sides of the enclosure and may reflect original entrances (Dowling 2014, 16). Ploughing took place external to the outer rampart in the summer of 2014 impinging on the counterscarp fourth bank in the northern half of the site and the newly discovered oval enclosure. Digging Drumanagh, https://www.fingal.ie/digging-drumanagh, a Fingal County Council community-based research project has undertaken three seasons of excavation at the site. The focus of the Season I excavation in 2018 was the Martello road in the vicinity of the early 19th century Martello tower (DU008-006003-), towards the eastern limit of the headland. Two trenches were excavated and showed that the building of the Martello road disturbed Iron Age deposits. A number of fragments of human bone were also recovered including the cranial fragment of a female aged between 18 and 45 years at the time of death, which was dated to BC 170 – cal. AD 52. A long bone identified as an adult femur was recovered from the area south of the Martello road which returned a date of cal. BC 49 – cal. AD 118 indicating at least two burials in this area. There were also extensive remains associated with the occupants of the Martello Tower (Baker 2018). The 2019 Season II excavation took place at the other end of the Martello Road, near to the ramparts. Here a prehistoric structure was identified by the post and stakeholes left behind when the wood rotted. Nearby was a structure associated with a weaving comb along with numerous bone points, possible bone tools and a bone needle indicating processing and/or craftworking and textile production was being carried out here. The presence of almost 80 sherds Dressel 20 pottery from the Roman province of Baetica in Southern Spain and other Romano-British material confirms there was significant contact between Drumanagh and the Roman world in the 1st-3rd centuries AD (Baker 2019) The focus of the 2022 Season III excavation was to determine if a lane or roadway identified on aerial photographs and geophysical survey was of ancient or more modern origin. The lane left little evidence indicating it was of modern date. Instead the collapsed wall of a structure was identified. A deposit rich with animal bone was excavated from within the structure. Sherds of at least four different types of pottery from the Roman world were recovered as were fragments of glass vessels and a number of glass beads (Baker 2022). To see a 3D model of the fort visit; https://skfb.ly/oEQ7n This monument is subject to a preservation order made under the National Monuments Acts 1930 to 2014 (PO no. 13/1977). See attached photograph of bank of fort (DU008-006001-_02) from the Patrick Healy Collection, © South Dublin County Council - https://hdl.handle.net/10599/3225 Baker, C. 2018 Digging Drumanagh Season I, Preliminary Report (Licence C786/E4805). https://www.fingal.ie/digging-drumanagh Baker, C. 2019 Digging Drumanagh Season II, Preliminary Report (Licence C786/E4805). https://www.fingal.ie/digging-drumanagh Baker, C. 2022 Digging Drumanagh Season III, Preliminary Report (Licence C786/E4805). https://www.fingal.ie/digging-drumanagh Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Updated and revised by: Christine Baker Date of revised upload: 6 March 2023